A principle-based framework to determine countries’ fair warming contributions to the Paris Agreement

Li, M., Pelz, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-8679, Lamboll, R., Wang, C., & Rogelj, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-9061 (2025). A principle-based framework to determine countries’ fair warming contributions to the Paris Agreement. Nature Communications 16 (1) 10.1038/s41467-025-56397-6.

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Abstract

Equity is a cornerstone of global climate policy, yet differing perspectives mean that international agreement on how to allocate mitigation efforts remains elusive. A rich literature informs this question, but a gap remains in approaches that appropriately consider non-CO2 emissions and their warming contributions. In this study, we address this gap and define a global warming budget applicable to all anthropogenic greenhouse gases that is allocated to countries based on principles drawn from international treaties and environmental law. We find that by 2021 a range of 84 to 90 countries, including but not limited to all major developed countries, exhausted their budget share compatible with keeping warming to 1.5 °C (with 50% likelihood) under all allocation approaches considered in this study. A similar picture emerges for limiting warming to 2 °C (with 67% likelihood). A large group of countries will hence exceed their fair shares even if their pledges under the Paris Agreement represent their deepest possible emission reductions. Considerations of fairness should therefore start exploring aspects beyond domestic emissions reductions.

Item Type:	Article
Research Programs:	Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) > Integrated Assessment and Climate Change (IACC) Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) > Transformative Institutional and Social Solutions (TISS)
Depositing User:	Luke Kirwan
Date Deposited:	27 Jan 2025 14:32
Last Modified:	27 Jan 2025 14:32
URI:	https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/20366

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