The risk of a hothouse Earth trajectory

Ripple, W.J., Wolf, C., Rockström, J., Richardson, K., Wunderling, N., Gregg, J.W., Westerhold, T., & Schellnhuber, H.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-4935 (2026). The risk of a hothouse Earth trajectory. One Earth e101565. 10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101565. (In Press)

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Abstract

Earth’s climate is now departing from the stable conditions that supported human civilization for millennia. Crossing critical temperature thresholds may trigger self-reinforcing feedbacks and tipping dynamics that amplify warming and destabilize distant Earth system components. Uncertain tipping thresholds make precaution essential, as crossing them could commit the planet to a hothouse trajectory with long-lasting and potentially irreversible consequences.

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