Land–energy nexus to assess the contribution of carbon dioxide removal in net-zero emission pathways

Chlela, S., Forsell, N., & Selosse, S. (2026). Land–energy nexus to assess the contribution of carbon dioxide removal in net-zero emission pathways. Applied Energy 421 e128215. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128215.

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Abstract

The land and energy sectors can provide efficient mitigation solutions for climate change through different types of solutions including Carbon Dioxide Removal. Given the strong interdependencies between these sectors, an integrated assessment is relevant to ensure both physical feasibility and economic viability. To achieve the temperature increase limitations set out in the Paris Agreement, biomass-based solutions constitute a potential avenue for the sectoral decarbonization of the energy system. This study addresses these interactions by linking two Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs): TIAM-FR, which represents the global energy system, and GLOBIOM-G4M, which models global land-use dynamics. The analysis examines the key factors affecting bioenergy expansion to achieve negative emissions, including the deployment of dedicated energy crops, which supply 54–55 EJ yr−1 of bioenergy and will occupy around 215 million hectares of land in the net-zero year (2060), excluding additional cropland used for conventional bioenergy feedstocks. Net global CO2 emissions are reduced by about 88% in the 2 °C pathway, whereas the 1.5 °C scenario exceeds a 100% reduction, corresponding to net-negative emissions of around −4 GtCO2 yr−1. Cost-relevant trade-offs are reflected in CDR energy requirements, with 1275 kWh tCO2−1 for direct air capture and storage and ∼ 300 kWh tCO2−1 for bioenergy carbon capture and storage. The study also provides a replicable framework for assessing trade-offs between bioenergy deployment and land-use sustainability.

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