International trade and Austria's livestock system: Direct and hidden carbon emission flows associated with production and consumption of products

Gavrilova, O., Jonas, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-4145, Erb, K., & Haberl, H. (2010). International trade and Austria's livestock system: Direct and hidden carbon emission flows associated with production and consumption of products. Ecological Economics 69 (4) 920-929. 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.015.

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Abstract

The Kyoto Protocol created a framework of responsibilities and mechanisms to mitigate climate change by reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. The Protocol stipulates accounting and reporting of GHG emissions and removals, such as energy use, industrial processes, agriculture, waste and net emissions resulting from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities. Emissions reported according to the rules set by the Kyoto Protocol do not include GHG emissions outside a country's boundaries resulting from the production of imported goods or services. As a result, GHG accounts constructed according to the Kyoto Protocol reflect the GHG emissions resulting from the production system of a country, but not all the emission resulting from the consumption of goods and services within the country. However, as previous studies demonstrate, a country's emission balance changes remarkably if emissions related to goods or services imported and exported are taken into account. Here, we go beyond the aforementioned studies which mainly focus on GHG emissions from fossil fuel combustion. We assess, in a first-order approach, upstream emissions that result from LULUC activities outside a country while the produced goods are consumed within the country. In our study we focus on Austria's livestock system to elucidate the difference between production and consumption-related emissions accounting approaches. We study direct and 'hidden' (embodied) GHG emissions associated with Austria's bilateral trade in livestock and livestock-related products, based on the integration of full carbon accounting (FCA) and life cycle analysis (LCA).

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hidden carbon emissions; Sharing responsibility; Kyoto Protocol; Deforestation; Full carbon accounting; Life cycle analysis
Research Programs:	Forestry (FOR)
Bibliographic Reference:	Ecological Economics; 69(4):920-929 (15 February 2010) (Published online 03 December 2009)
Depositing User:	IIASA Import
Date Deposited:	15 Jan 2016 08:44
Last Modified:	27 Aug 2021 17:21
URI:	https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/9291

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