TY  - JOUR
ID  - iiasa13766
UR  - https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/13766/
A1  - Liu, W.
A1  - Yang, H.
A1  - Liu, J.
A1  - Azevedo, L.B.
A1  - Wang, X.
A1  - Xu, Z.
A1  - Abbaspour, K.C.
A1  - Schulin, R.
Y1  - 2016/12/01/
N2  - Agricultural application of reactive nitrogen (N) for fertilization is a cause of massive negative environmental problems on a global scale. However, spatially explicit and crop-specific information on global N losses into the environment and knowledge of trade-offs between N losses and crop yields are largely lacking. We use a crop growth model, Python-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (PEPIC), to determine global N losses from three major food crops: maize, rice, and wheat. Simulated total N losses into the environment (including water and atmosphere) are 44 Tg N yr? 1. Two thirds of these, or 29 Tg N yr? 1, are losses to water alone. Rice accounts for the highest N losses, followed by wheat and maize. The N loss intensity (NLI), defined as N losses per unit of yield, is used to address trade-offs between N losses and crop yields. The NLI presents high variation among different countries, indicating diverse N losses to produce the same amount of yields. Simulations of mitigation scenarios indicate that redistributing global N inputs and improving N management could significantly abate N losses and at the same time even increase yields without any additional total N inputs
PB  - Elsevier
JF  - Science of The Total Environment
VL  - 572
SN  - 00489697
TI  - Global assessment of nitrogen losses and trade-offs with yields from major crop cultivations
SP  - 526
AV  - none
EP  - 537
ER  -