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        <dc:relation>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/13887/</dc:relation>
        <dc:title>Use of statins offsets insulin-related cancer risk</dc:title>
        <dc:creator>Kautzky-Willer, A.</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Thurner, S.</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Klimek, P.</dc:creator>
        <dc:description>Aim&#13;
&#13;
There is firm evidence of a relation between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and increased risks of cancer at various sites, but it is still unclear how different antihyperglycaemic therapies modify site-specific cancer risks. The aim of this study was to provide a complete characterization of all possible associations between individual T2DM therapies, statin use and site-specific cancers in the Austrian population.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Methods&#13;
&#13;
Medical claims data of 1 847 051 patients with hospital stays during 2006–2007 were used to estimate age- and sex-dependent co-occurrences of site-specific cancer diagnoses and treatment with specific glucose-lowering drugs and statins.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Results&#13;
&#13;
Patients treated with insulin or insulin secretagogues showed up to ninefold increased risks for cancers of the colon [males only (m)], liver (m), pancreas, lung (m) and brain (m), as well as a strongly decreased risk for prostate cancer (m). In patients taking statins, the risks were generally decreased, with a greater risk reduction in patients not receiving antihyperglycaemic therapies. The strongest effects were observed for use of insulin and pancreatic cancer [m: OR 4.5, 95% CI: 3.1–6.6; females (f): OR 4.2, 95% CI: 2.5–7.1], sulfonylureas (m: OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7–4.6; f: OR 3.0, 95% CI: 2.1–4.2) or glitazones and skin cancer (f: OR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.80), as well as metformin and cancer of the prostate (m: OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.91) and corpus uteri (f: OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4–2.0) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (f: OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64–0.91).&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Conclusions&#13;
&#13;
The use of statins offsets insulin-related cancer risks in patients with diabetes independently of sex and age. Overall, our data support the hyperglycaemia–cancer hypothesis. A reduction in endogenous or exogenous hyperinsulinaemia may be beneficial for cancer prevention. Therefore, insulin-sparing and insulin-sensitizing drugs should be the preferred treatment choices.</dc:description>
        <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
        <dc:date>2017-10-21</dc:date>
        <dc:type>Article</dc:type>
        <dc:type>PeerReviewed</dc:type>
        <dc:identifier>  Kautzky-Willer, A., Thurner, S. &lt;https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/view/iiasa/307.html&gt;, &amp; Klimek, P.  (2017).  Use of statins offsets insulin-related cancer risk.   Journal of Internal Medicine 281 (2) 206-216. 10.1111/joim.12567 &lt;https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12567&gt;.       </dc:identifier>
        <dc:relation>10.1111/joim.12567</dc:relation>
        <dc:identifier>10.1111/joim.12567</dc:identifier>
        <dc:doi>10.1111/joim.12567</dc:doi></oai_dc:dc>
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