@article{iiasa13953,
          volume = {14},
          number = {11},
           month = {November},
           title = {Equity, efficiency, and accessibility in urban and regional health-care systems},
       publisher = {SAGE Publications},
            year = {1982},
         journal = {Environment and Planning A},
             doi = {10.1068/a141479},
           pages = {1479--1507},
             url = {https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/13953/},
            issn = {0308-518X},
        abstract = {This paper explores four different criteria of health-care resource allocation at the urban and regional level. The criteria are linked by a common spatial-interaction model. This model is based on the hypothesis that the number of hospital patients generated in a residential zone i is proportional to the relative morbidity of i, and to the availability of resources in treatment zone j, but is in inverse proportion to the accessibility costs of getting from i to j. The resource-allocation criteria are based on objectives on which there is broad agreement among planners and other actors in a health-care system. These objectives are concerned with allocations that conform to notions of equity, efficiency, and two definitions of accessibility. The allocation criteria give mainly aggregate-level information, and are designed with the long-term regional planning of health-care services in mind. The paper starts by defining the criteria, and describes how they are intended to be employed in a planning context. The allocation rules are then formally derived and linked together mathematically. They are then applied to a region, London, England, which is known to have very complex health-care planning problems. As a result of this application, two of the criteria-equity and efficiency-are selected for further analysis. A new model is built and applied that specifically enables the user to trade off one of these criteria against the other.},
          author = {Mayhew, L. D. and Leonardi, G.}
}