?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F14003%2F&rft.title=Global+Commons+in+the+Anthropocene%3A+World+Development+on+a+Stable+and+Resilient+Planet&rft.creator=Nakicenovic%2C+N.&rft.creator=Rockstr%C3%B6m%2C+J.&rft.creator=Gaffney%2C+O.&rft.creator=Zimm%2C+C.&rft.description=%E2%80%A2+Three+decades+of+internationally+coordinated+research+on+the+Earth+system+has+led+to+the+conclusion+that+Earth+has+entered+a+new+geological+epoch+%E2%80%93+the+Anthropocene.+The+stability+and+resilience+of+the+Earth+system+is+now+at+risk.+Yet%2C+a+stable+Earth+system+is+a+prerequisite+for+human+development.%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+Nine+Planetary+Boundaries+determine+Earth+system+resilience.+Human+activities+have+caused+the+Earth+system+to+transgress+four+of+these+boundaries%2C+namely+climate%2C+biodiversity%2C+land-use+change+(deforestation)+and+biogeochemical+cycles+(predominantly+overuse+of+phosphorus+and+nitrogen+in+fertilizers).%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+The+Anthropocene+changes+our+relationship+with+the+planet+and+how+societies+view+the+%E2%80%9Cglobal+commons%E2%80%9D.+One+definition+of+the+global+commons+currently+used+by+international+law+names%3A+the+high+seas%3B+the+atmosphere%3B+Antarctica%3B+and+outer+space+%E2%80%93+as+the+globally+common+resources+that+fall+outside+national+jurisdictions.+However%2C+the+stability+and+resilience+of+the+Earth+system+is+also+common+to+all.+This+stability+and+resilience+is+dependent+upon+both+the+global+commons+as+recognized+under+international+law+and+also+the+resources+within+national+jurisdictions%2C+for+example+rainforests%2C+sea+ice%2C+mangroves+and+biodiversity.++%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+We+argue+that+humanity+must+be+the+steward+of+the+planet%E2%80%99s+natural+resources+%E2%80%93+the+ecosystems%2C+biomes+and+processes+that+regulate+the+stability+and+resilience+of+the+Earth+system%2C+for+example+the+carbon+cycle.+These+are+what+we+term+the+new+%E2%80%9CGlobal+Commons+in+the+Anthropocene%E2%80%9D.+%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+The+UN+Sustainable+Development+Goals+and+the+Paris+Agreement+on+Climate+Change+indicate+a+paradigm+shift+in+the+global+response+to+safeguarding+the+Global+Commons+in+the+Anthropocene.%0D%0A+%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+In+the+coming+decades%2C+four+key+socioeconomic+megatrends+will+determine+the+trajectory+of+the+Anthropocene%3A+energy%2C+food%2C+water+and+urbanization.+%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+Food%2C+the+world%E2%80%99s+single+largest+user+of+fresh+and+underground+water%2C+and+the+single+largest+reason+for+transgressing+Planetary+Boundaries+on+nitrogen%2Fphosphorus%2C+land%2C+and+biodiversity.+Transformation+of+the+food+system+has+the+potential+to+improve+personal%2C+societal+and+planetary+health+and+wellbeing.+++%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+Decarbonization+of+the+global+energy+system+is+now+of+critical+importance+for+a+1.5%E2%80%932%C2%B0C+future+global+temperature+increase+line+with+the+Paris+Agreement.%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+Water%2C+the+source+of+life%2C+is+under+severe+pressure%2C+and+water+stress+and+scarcity+are+increasing+in+many+parts+of+the+world.+%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+By+2050%2C+75%25+of+the+world%E2%80%99s+population+will+live+in+urban+areas.+This+global+shift+requires+a+major+focus+on+transformation+to+sustainable+and+livable+urban+environments%2C+transportation+and+a+circular+economy.+%0D%0A%0D%0A%E2%80%A2+A+focus+on+these+four+interlinked+sectors+holds+the+best+chance+of+protecting+the+global+commons+in+the+Anthropocene+for+human+prosperity+and+wellbeing.&rft.publisher=WP-16-019&rft.date=2016-10&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.rights=cc_by&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F14003%2F1%2FWP-16-019.pdf&rft.identifier=++Nakicenovic%2C+N.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F214.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-7176-4604+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-7176-4604%3E%2C+Rockstr%C3%B6m%2C+J.%2C+Gaffney%2C+O.%2C+%26+Zimm%2C+C.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F347.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-5603-1015+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-5603-1015%3E++(2016).++Global+Commons+in+the+Anthropocene%3A+World+Development+on+a+Stable+and+Resilient+Planet.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-16-019+++++