@book{iiasa14591,
       booktitle = {A guide to SDG interactions: from science to implementation},
          editor = {D.J. Griggs and M. Nilsson and A. Stevance and D. McCollum},
           title = {A Guide to SDG Interactions: from Science to Implementation},
       publisher = {International Council for Science, Paris},
            year = {2017},
             doi = {10.24948/2017.01},
            note = {ICSU would like to thank the US National Science Foundation (NSF) for its support of this work.},
             url = {http://www.icsu.org/publications/a-guide-to-sdg-interactions-from-science-to-implementation},
        abstract = {The report examines the interactions between the various goals and targets, determining to what extent they reinforce or conflict with each other. It provides a blueprint to help countries implement and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Countries around the world are faced with a significant challenge: How can they reach the 17 SDGs - and 169 targets that sit underneath these goals - by 2030? The SDGs, which were adopted by the international community in 2015, cover a diverse range of issues including gender equity, sustainable cities, access to clean water, and good governance. It is a big, unwieldly, ambitious agenda that - if it is successfully implemented - could set the world on a course toward inclusive, sustainable development.

The report proposes a seven-point scale to quantify these synergies and conflicts. The scale ranges from +3, which applies when one goal or target is very reinforcing of others, to -3, which applies when goals and targets conflict with each other. A score of 0 indicates neutral interaction.

The report includes detailed analysis of four SDGs and their interactions with other goals:

    
    SDG2: Zero Hunger
    SDG3: Good Health and Well-being
    SDG7: Affordable and Clean Energy
    SDG14: Life below Water},
          author = {International Council for Science, {}}
}