TY  - JOUR
ID  - iiasa14594
UR  - https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/14594/
IS  - 7655
A1  - Anenberg, S.C.
A1  - Miller, J.
A1  - Minjares, R.
A1  - Du, L.
A1  - Henze, D.K.
A1  - Lacey, F.
A1  - Malley, C.S.
A1  - Emberson, L.
A1  - Franco, V.
A1  - Klimont, Z.
A1  - Heyes, C.
Y1  - 2017/05/25/
N2  - Vehicle emissions contribute to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and tropospheric ozone air pollution, affecting human health, crop yields and climate worldwide. On-road diesel vehicles produce approximately 20 per cent of global anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x), which are key PM 2.5 and ozone precursors. Regulated NO x emission limits in leading markets have been progressively tightened, but current diesel vehicles emit far more NO x under real-world operating conditions than during laboratory certification testing. Here we show that across 11 markets, representing approximately 80 per cent of global diesel vehicle sales, nearly one-third of on-road heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions and over half of on-road light-duty diesel vehicle emissions are in excess of certification limits. These excess emissions (totalling 4.6 million tons) are associated with about 38,000 PM 2.5 - and ozone-related premature deaths globally in 2015, including about 10 per cent of all ozone-related premature deaths in the 28 European Union member states. Heavy-duty vehicles are the dominant contributor to excess diesel NO x emissions and associated health impacts in almost all regions. Adopting and enforcing next-generation standards (more stringent than Euro 6/VI) could nearly eliminate real-world diesel-related NO x emissions in these markets, avoiding approximately 174,000 global PM 2.5 - and ozone-related premature deaths in 2040. Most of these benefits can be achieved by implementing Euro VI standards where they have not yet been adopted for heavy-duty vehicles.
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
JF  - Nature
VL  - 545
SN  - 0028-0836
TI  - Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets
SP  - 467
AV  - none
EP  - 471
ER  -