<mets:mets OBJID="eprint_4073" LABEL="Eprints Item" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/METS/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets.xsd http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-3.xsd" xmlns:mets="http://www.loc.gov/METS/" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><mets:metsHdr CREATEDATE="2024-01-01T22:51:40Z"><mets:agent ROLE="CUSTODIAN" TYPE="ORGANIZATION"><mets:name>IIASA Repository</mets:name></mets:agent></mets:metsHdr><mets:dmdSec ID="DMD_eprint_4073_mods"><mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="MODS"><mets:xmlData><mods:titleInfo><mods:title>Emission Trading in Europe with an Exchange Rate</mods:title></mods:titleInfo><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">G.</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Klaassen</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">F.R.</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Forsund</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart type="given">M.</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="family">Amann</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role></mods:name><mods:abstract>This paper explores the analytical and empirical properties of a new method  for emission trading according to a fixed exchange rate. The exchange rate is  based on the ratios of the marginal costs of abatement in the optimal solution in order to account for the impact of the location of emission sources on the deposition. It is shown that, generally, this system will not achieve the  optimal solution and does not guarantee that environmental deposition  constraints are not violated, although total abatement costs are always reduced. A routine was developed to mimic trading as a bilateral, sequential  process, subject to an exchange rate. In the example used, results for SO2 emissions in Europe will show that, starting from a uniform reduction,  exchange-rate trading brings higher cost savings than one-to-one trading, without achieving the cost minimum. Sulfur deposition targets are not violated since the initial emission allocation overfulfilled targets in many places. The results are sensitive to: pre-trade emission levels, the transaction  costs, the availability of information on potential cost savings, and  assumptions made on the behavior of trading partners.</mods:abstract><mods:originInfo><mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8601">1994</mods:dateIssued></mods:originInfo><mods:originInfo><mods:publisher>RR-95-002. Reprinted from Environmental and Resource Economics, 4:305-330 [1994].</mods:publisher></mods:originInfo><mods:genre>Monograph</mods:genre></mets:xmlData></mets:mdWrap></mets:dmdSec><mets:amdSec ID="TMD_eprint_4073"><mets:rightsMD ID="rights_eprint_4073_mods"><mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="MODS"><mets:xmlData><mods:useAndReproduction>
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