?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4104%2F&rft.title=Population%2C+Biomass+and+the+Environment+in+Central+Sudan&rft.creator=Yousif%2C+H.M.&rft.description=This+paper+deals+specifically+with+population-biomass-environment+interactions+in+the+semi-arid+central+region+of+Sudan.+Most+of+the+links+and+dynamics+operate+at+the+local-scale+household+level.+Living+arrangements+within+the+household%2C+household+size%2C+size+of+consuming+units%2C+location+and+mode+of+living+(urban-rural-nomadic)+are+some+of+the+most+important+link+variables.+Biomass+fuels+use+(fuelwood%2C+charcoal%2C+crop+residues+and+animal+dung)+in+the+central+region+varies+considerably+by+location+of+households.+Rural+households+use+fuelwood%2C+crop+residues+and+animal+dung%3B+nomadic+households+are+primarily+fuelwood+users%3B+urban+households+are+mainly+charcoal+users.+Nomadic+households+are+very+special+not+only+because+this+manner+of+living+is+gradually+shrinking+but+also+because+with+the+spread+of+irrigated+and+mechanized+agriculture%2C+nomads+have+become+concentrated+in+ecologically+limited+areas+with+drastic+consequences+to+their+lives%2C+their+animal+wealth+and+the+environment.+%0D%0A%0D%0AHouseholds+are+not+the+only+users+of+biomass+for+fuel+purposes%3B+two+more+sectors+use+fuelwood+and+charcoal.+These+are+industries+such+as+brick-making+and+bakeries%2C+and+commercial+establishments+such+as+restaurants+and+tea+houses.+This+paper+shows+that+actual+consumption+of+fuelwood+and+charcoal+exceeds+the+official+supply+by+about+22%2C000+and+32%2C000+metric+tons%2C+respectively.+This+indicates+deforestation+which+is+substantially+enhanced+by+unofficial+cutting+of+trees.+By+contrast+the+balance+for+crop+residues+and+animal+dung+is+substantially+positive+reflecting+the+availability+of+these+biomass+resources+for+fuel+use.+Policies+should+encourage+the+use+of+these+residues+for+cooking.+Also%2C+the+need+for+better+management+of+biomass+resources%2C+energy+saving%2C+environmental+education+and+awareness+and+planting+of+trees+is+obvious.&rft.publisher=WP-94-108&rft.date=1994-10&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4104%2F1%2FWP-94-108.pdf&rft.identifier=++Yousif%2C+H.M.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1674.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-8071-1395+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-8071-1395%3E++(1994).++Population%2C+Biomass+and+the+Environment+in+Central+Sudan.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-94-108+++++