?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4138%2F&rft.title=Norms+as+Emergent+Properties+of+Adaptive+Learning%3A+The+Case+of+Economic+Routines&rft.creator=Dosi%2C+G.&rft.creator=Marengo%2C+L.&rft.creator=Bassanini%2C+A.&rft.creator=Valente%2C+M.&rft.description=Strategic+interaction+among+autonomous+decision-makers+is+usually+modelled+in+economics+in+game-theoretic+terms+or+within+the+framework+of+General+Equilibrium.+Game-theoretic+and+General+Equilibrium+models+deal+almost+exclusively+with+the+existence+of+equilibria+and+do+not+analyse+the+processes+which+might+lead+to+them.+Even+when+existence+proofs+can+be+given%2C+two+questions+are+still+open.+The+first+concerns+the+possibility+of+multiple+equilibria%2C+which+game+theory+has+shown+to+be+the+case+even+in+very+simple+models+and+which+makes+the+outcome+of+interaction+unpredictable.+The+second+relates+to+the+computability+and+complexity+of+the+decision+procedures+which+agents+should+adopt+and+questions+the+possibility+of+reaching+an+equilibrium+by+means+of+an+algorithmically+implementable+strategy.+Some+theorems+have+recently+proved+that+in+many+economically+relevant+problems+equilibria+are+not+computable.+%0D%0A%0D%0AA+different+approach+to+the+problem+of+strategic+interaction+is+a+%22constructivist%22+one.++Such+a+perspective%2C+instead+of+being+based+upon+an+axiomatic+view+of+human+behaviour+grounded+on+the+principle+of+optimisation%2C+focuses+on+algorithmically+implementable+%22satisfycing%22+decision+procedures.+Once+the+axiomatic+approach+has+been+abandoned%2C+decision+procedures+cannot+be+deduced+from+rationality+assumptions%2C+but+must+be+the+evolving+outcome+of+a+process+of+learning+and+adaptation+to+the+particular+environment+in+which+the+decision+must+be+made.+This+paper+considers+one+of+the+most+recently+proposed+adaptive+learning+models%3A+Genetic+Programming+and+applies+it+to+one+the+mostly+studied+and+still+controversial+economic+interaction+environment%2C+that+of+oligopolistic+markets.+%0D%0A%0D%0AGenetic+Programming+evolves+decision+procedures%2C+represented+by+elements+in+the+space+of+functions%2C+balancing+the+exploitation+of+knowledge+previously+obtained+with+the+search+of+more+productive+procedures.+The+results+obtained+are+consistent+with+the+evidence+from+the+observation+of+the+behaviour+of+real+economic+agents.&rft.publisher=WP-94-073&rft.date=1994-08&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4138%2F1%2FWP-94-073.pdf&rft.identifier=++Dosi%2C+G.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1219.html%3E%2C+Marengo%2C+L.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1433.html%3E%2C+Bassanini%2C+A.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1143.html%3E%2C+%26+Valente%2C+M.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1630.html%3E++(1994).++Norms+as+Emergent+Properties+of+Adaptive+Learning%3A+The+Case+of+Economic+Routines.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-94-073+++++