?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4151%2F&rft.title=Basic+Research+in+Russia%3A+Human+Resources+and+Funding&rft.creator=Gokhberg%2C+L.&rft.description=This+paper+describes+the+current+status+and+recent+trends+of+basic+research+in+Russia%2C+measured+in+resource+terms.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+extensive+growth+in+the+numbers+of+R%26D+institutions%2C+researchers+and+investment+until+the+late+1970s+provided+the+creation+of+an+extremely+large+R%26D+base+which+was+greater+in+scale+than+most+of+the+industrially+developed+countries.+It+firstly+concerns+substantial+highly-qualified+human+resources+which+made+Russia+famous+for+considerable+achievements+in+basic+research+and+military-oriented+technologies.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+transition+to+a+market+economy+has+a+strong+influence+on+the+resources+of+R%26D+in+Russia.+Changes+in+the+objectives+of+economic%2C+social%2C+and+political+progress+reflect+in+transforming+the+institutional+structure+of+the+economy%2C+the+fast+growth+of+the+private+sector%2C+the+conversion+of+military+industries%2C+and+the+gradual+integration+of+Russia+into+the+world+economy.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThese+processes+take+place+in+conditions+of+economic+recession%2C+rapid+inflation%2C+a+growing+deficit+of+the+state+budget%2C+a+worsening+social+situation%2C+and+political+instability.+Further+progress+of+basic+research+in+such+a+critical+economic+situation+faces+significant+difficulties+which+should+be+observed+in+order+to+formulate+an+appropriate+policy+in+this+area.&rft.publisher=WP-94-060&rft.date=1994-07&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4151%2F1%2FWP-94-060.pdf&rft.identifier=++Gokhberg%2C+L.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1289.html%3E++(1994).++Basic+Research+in+Russia%3A+Human+Resources+and+Funding.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-94-060+++++