?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4153%2F&rft.title=Routines%2C+Hierarchies+of+Problems%2C+Procedural+Behaviour%3A+Some+Evidence+from+Experiments&rft.creator=Egidi%2C+M.&rft.description=A+laboratory+experiment+was+performed+as+replication+of+the+original+one+created+by+M.+Cohen+and+P.+Bacdayan+at+Michigan+University.+It+consists+in+a+two-persons+card+game+played+by+a+large+number+of+pairs%2C+whose+actions+are+stored+in+a+computer's+memory.+In+order+to+achieve+the+final+goal+each+player+must+discover+his+sub-goals%2C+and+must+coordinate+his+action+with+the+partner's+one.+The+game+therefore+involves+the+division+of+knowledge+and+cooperation+among+players%2C+and+gives+rise+to+the+emergence+of+organizational+routines.+It+is+suggested+that+the+organizational+routines%2C+i.e.+the+sequences+of+patterned+actions+which+lead+to+the+realization+of+the+final+goal%2C+cannot+be+fully+memorized+because+of+their+variety+and+number.+It+is+shown+that+players+do+not+possess+all+the+knowledge+needed+by+an+hypothetical+supervisor+to+play+the+best+strategy%3A+they+generally+explore+only+a+limited+part+of+the+the+space+of+the+potential+rules%2C+and+therefore+learn+and+memorize+a+simple%2C+bounded+set+of+%22personal%22+meta-rules.+These+meta-rules%2C+also+called+%22production+rules%22+in+standard+Cognitive+Science's+language%2C+are+of+the+form+%3CIf+%22Condition%22+then+%22Action%22%3E.+Each+%22Condition%22+can+concern+either+the+game+configurations+or+the+partner's+action.+In+the+former+case+the+identification+of+an+appropriate+%22Action%22+depends+on+the+sub-goals+exploration.+In+the+latter+it+depends+on+the+recognition+(or+discovery)+of+interaction+rules%3A+in+this+eventuality+the+production+rule+embodies+a+dynamic+--+and+possibly+cooperative+--+reaction+to+the+partner's+action.+Organizational+procedures+(routines)+therefore+emerge+as+the+outcome+of+a+distributed+process+generated+by+%22personal%22+production+rules.+These+routines%2C+as+in+von+Hayek's+view%2C+%22can+be+understood+as+if+it+were+made+according+to+a+single+plan%2C+although+nobody+has+planned+it.%22+Empirical+evidence+is+provided+to+support+the+above+statements.&rft.publisher=WP-94-058&rft.date=1994-07&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4153%2F1%2FWP-94-058.pdf&rft.identifier=++Egidi%2C+M.++(1994).++Routines%2C+Hierarchies+of+Problems%2C+Procedural+Behaviour%3A+Some+Evidence+from+Experiments.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-94-058+++++