?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4178%2F&rft.title=A+Water-Quality+History+of+the+Blackstone+River%2C+Massachusetts%2C+USA%3A+Implications+for+Central+and+Eastern+European+Rivers&rft.creator=Shanahan%2C+P.&rft.description=The+Blackstone+River+is+a+relatively+small+river+that+drains+the+area+around+Worcester%2C+Massachusetts%2C+one+of+first+industrialized+cities+in+the+United+States.+Until+the+1970s%2C+the+river+was+highly+polluted+by+industrial+and+municipal+wastewaters+--+not+unlike+the+current+situation+in+degraded+rivers+in+areas+of+Central+and+Eastern+Europe+(CEE).+Today%2C+the+Blackstone+enjoys+considerably+improved+water+quality+as+the+result+of+two+historical+processes%3A+continuing+investment+and+improvement+in+municipal+wastewater+treatment+in+response+to+increasingly+stringent+U.S.+federal+water-quality+laws%2C+and+the+control+or+elimination+of+industrial+discharges.+A+key+factor+in+the+river's+restoration+was+the+early+development+of+and+continued+adherence+to+a+comprehensive+basin+water-quality+plan.+A+similar+planning+process+is+recommended+for+CEE+countries.+Nonetheless%2C+achieving+acceptable+water+quality+in+the+Blackstone+was+a+slow+process%2C+requiring+decades+of+intensive+improvement+in+wastewater+treatment.+A+similarly+slow+process+can+be+anticipated+in+the+CEE+countries+unless+cost-effective+interim+improvements+in+wastewater+treatment+are+sought.&rft.publisher=WP-94-031&rft.date=1994-05&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4178%2F1%2FWP-94-031.pdf&rft.identifier=++Shanahan%2C+P.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F2377.html%3E++(1994).++A+Water-Quality+History+of+the+Blackstone+River%2C+Massachusetts%2C+USA%3A+Implications+for+Central+and+Eastern+European+Rivers.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-94-031+++++