?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4206%2F&rft.title=River+Basin+Water+Quality+Management+Models%3A+A+State-of-the-Art+Review&rft.creator=Kularathna%2C+M.&rft.creator=Somlyody%2C+L.&rft.description=With+the+increasing+human+activities+within+river+basins%2C+the+problem+of+water+quality+management+is+becoming+increasingly+important.+Quality+management+can+be+achieved+through+control%2Fprevention+measures+that+have+various+economic+and+water+quality+implications.+To+facilitate+the+analysis+of+available+management+options%2C+decision+models+are+needed+which+represent+the+many+facets+of+the+problem.+Such+models+must+be+capable+of+adequately+depicting+the+hydrological%2C+chemical+and+biological+processes+occurring+in+the+river%3B+while+incorporating+social%2C+economic+and+political+considerations+within+the+decision+framework.+%0D%0A%0D%0AManagement+analyses+can+be+performed+using+simulation%2C+optimization%2C+or+both%2C+depending+on+the+management+goal+and+the+size+and+type+of+the+problem.+The+critical+issues+in+a+management+model+are+the+nonlinearities%2C+uncertainties%2C+multiple+pollutant+nature+of+waste+discharges%2C+multiple+objectives%2C+and+the+spatial+and+temporal+distribution+of+management+actions.+%0D%0A%0D%0ALiterature+on+various+management+models+were+reviewed+under+the+headings+of+linear%2C+nonlinear+and+dynamic+programming+approaches%3B+their+stochastic+counterparts%2C+and+combined+or+miscellaneous+approaches.+Dynamic+programming+was+found+to+be+an+attractive+methodology+which+can+exploit+the+sequential+decision+problem+pertaining+to+river+basin+water+quality+problems+(downstream+control+actions+do+not+influence+water+quality+upstream).+DP+handles+discrete+decision+variables+which+represent+discrete+management+alternatives%2C+and+it+is+generic+in+the+sense+that+both+linear+and+non-linear+water+quality+models+expressing+the+relation+between+emissions+and+ambient+quality+levels+can+be+incorporated.+An+example+problem+is+presented+which+demonstrates+the+application+of+a+DP-based+management+model+to+formulate+least-cost+strategies+for+the+Nitra+River+basin+in+Slovakia.+%0D%0A%0D%0AHowever%2C+it+is+hardly+possible+for+a+single+model+to+represent+all+the+aspects+of+a+complex+decision+problem.+Different+types+of+management+models+(e.g.+deterministic+vs+stochastic+models)+have+different+capabilities+and+limitations.+The+only+way+to+compensate+for+the+deficiencies+is+to+perform+the+analysis+in+a+sensitivity+style.+The+necessity+for+sensitivity+analyses+is+further+implied+due+to+the+fact+that+water+quality+problems+are+rather+loosely+formulated+with+respect+to+the+quality+and+economic+goals.&rft.publisher=WP-94-003&rft.date=1994-01&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4206%2F1%2FWP-94-003.pdf&rft.identifier=++Kularathna%2C+M.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F2730.html%3E+%26+Somlyody%2C+L.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1584.html%3E++(1994).++River+Basin+Water+Quality+Management+Models%3A+A+State-of-the-Art+Review.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-94-003+++++