?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4456%2F&rft.title=Economics+of+a+Global+Strategy+for+Reduction+of+Carbon+Emissions&rft.creator=Sinyak%2C+Y.&rft.description=The+evolution+of+natural+systems+that+feed+and+sustain+human+populations%2C+and+indeed+the+evolution+of+modern+society%2C+has+occurred+in+the+context+of+a+moderate+and+stable+climate.+Therefore%2C+recent+trends+in+climate+change%2C+most+likely+caused+by+increasing+concentrations+of+carbon+dioxide+and+other+radiative+trace+gases+in+the+atmosphere%2C+and+the+expected+consequent+global+warming%2C+are+now+a+major+concern.+Carbon+emissions+from+energy+systems+are+considered+one+of+the+major+contributors+to+climate+change+and+are+the+focus+of+all+studies+on+the+prevention+of+climate+changes+and+adaptation+strategies.+%0D%0A%0D%0ATwo+global+energy+scenarios+(each+with+several+options)+are+analyzed+in+this+paper%3A+from+a+dynamic-as-usual+concept+to+a+more+advanced+concept+with+the+goal+of+stabilizing+carbon+dioxide+concentrations+in+the+atmosphere+(equivalent+to+about+60%25+reduction+of+carbon+emission+compared+with+today's+level).+It+is+shown+that+the+stabilization+approach+will+require+dramatic+changes+in+energy+systems%3A+the+share+of+non-carbon+fuels+will+increase+to+about+three-quarters+of+the+total+primary+energy+consumption%2C+which+will+itself+grow+by+a+factor+of+two+by+the+middle+of+the+next+century.+Surprisingly%2C+the+implementation+costs+turn+out+to+be+approximately+the+same+for+all+scenarios+(taking+into+account+possible+errors+in+the+cost+appraisals+for+several+decades+ahead).+However%2C+the+cost+distributions+between+energy+production+and+use+are+quite+different.+Globally%2C+these+costs+are+3-4%25+of+GNP%2C+but+for+developing+countries+the+share+of+energy+investments+is%2C+on+average%2C+about+7-8%25+of+GNP%2C+which+is+cause+for+concern+and+will+greatly+hamper+economic+and+social+progress+in+the+Third+World.+The+introduction+of+energy+taxes+or+carbon+taxes+in+developed+countries+and+the+raising+of+%22global+energy+funds%22+could+help+developing+countries+to+overcome+these+difficulties.++It+is+supposed+that+such+a+policy+would+stimulate+economic+growth+in+developing+countries+and%2C+as+a+result%2C+overlap+the+GNP+losses+in+developed+countries.+The+paper+attempts+to+evaluate+an+optimal+strategy+for+reducing+carbon+emissions+for+the+next+couple+of+decades%2C+when+large+uncertainties+surround+global+warming%2C+and+to+show+ways+of+establishing+%22no-regret%22+policy.&rft.publisher=RR-96-016.+Reprinted+from+International+Journal+of+Environment+and+Pollution%2C+5(1)%3A30-51+%5B1995%5D.&rft.date=1995&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.rights=cc_by&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4456%2F1%2FRR-96-16.pdf&rft.identifier=++Sinyak%2C+Y.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F2394.html%3E++(1995).++Economics+of+a+Global+Strategy+for+Reduction+of+Carbon+Emissions.+++IIASA+Research+Report+(Reprint).+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+RR-96-016.+Reprinted+from+International+Journal+of+Environment+and+Pollution%2C+5(1)%3A30-51+%5B1995%5D.+++++