?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4481%2F&rft.title=The+Domestication+of+International+Commitments&rft.creator=Raustiala%2C+K.&rft.description=International+commitments+generally+become+binding+domestic+law+through+a+complex+process+of+%22domestication%22+or+transformation.+Without+this+process%2C+international+commitments+frequently+lack+force+or+even+meaning+at+the+national+level%2C+where+implementation+actually+takes+place.+This+paper+explores+the+legal+process+of+implementation+and+examines+how+international+commitments+are+transformed+into+domestic+law+in+six+OECD+nations%3A+the+US%2C+UK%2C+Germany%2C+France%2C+Italy%2C+and+the+Netherlands.+To+the+degree+that+institutional+design+affects+the+output+of+complex+organizations+(e.g.+governments)%2C+the+variations+in+the+process+of+domestication+should+affect+compliance+with+and+the+implementation+of+international+commitments.+The+rules+of+ratification%2C+interpretation%2C+judicial+challenge%2C+and+the+priority+or+ranking+of+treaty+commitments+vis-a-vis+ordinary+statutory+law+are+all+surveyed+and+found+to+vary+widely.+These+factors+appear+to+interact+in+complex+ways.+In+addition+to+some+simple+hypotheses+derived+from+the+institutional+variations+uncovered%2C+three+main+conclusions+emerge%3A+formal+institutional+rules+appear+in+practice+to+be+substantially+modified+and%2For+elaborated+by+informal+rules+and+methods%3B+the+complexity+of+both+formal+rules+and+actual+practice+in+the+domestication+of+international+agreements+raises+doubts+about+the+importance--and+the+ascertainability--of+legality+regarding+international+commitments%3B+and%2C+these+first+two+conclusions+are+likely+to+become+less+certain+over+time+as+the+insulation+of+the+executive+in+foreign+affairs--which+is+a+major+underlying+cause+of+these+conclusions--decreases+in+response+to+changes+in+the+nature+and+scope+of+international+law.&rft.publisher=WP-95-115&rft.date=1995-11&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4481%2F1%2FWP-95-115.pdf&rft.identifier=++Raustiala%2C+K.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1526.html%3E++(1995).++The+Domestication+of+International+Commitments.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-95-115+++++