?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4523%2F&rft.title=SAP-+Modular+Tool+for+Specification+and+Analysis+of+User+Preferences+in+Multiple-Criteria+Model+Analysis&rft.creator=Granat%2C+J.&rft.creator=Makowski%2C+M.&rft.description=Model+based+Decision+Support+Systems+(DSS)+often+use+multiple-criteria+optimization+for+selecting+Pareto-efficient+solutions.+Such+a+selection+is+based+on+interactive+specification+of+user+preferences.+This+can+be+done+by+specification+of+aspiration+and+reservation+levels+for+criteria.+Diverse+graphical+user+interface+could+be+used+for+specification+of+these+levels+as+well+as+for+interpretation+of+results.+In+the+approach+presented+in+this+paper+the+specified+aspiration+and+reservation+levels+are+used+for+generation+of+component+achievement+functions+for+corresponding+criteria.+Such+functions+can+be+interpreted+as+fuzzy+membership+functions+or+as+functions%2C+which+reflect+the+degree+of+satisfaction+with+given+values+of+criteria.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+paper+outlines+the+methodological+background+and+modular+structure+of+a+DSS+shell+for+multiple-criteria+analysis+of+decision+problems+that+can+be+represented+as+Linear+Programming+(LP)+or+Mixed+Integer+Programming+(MIP)+problems.+The+DSS+shell+has+been+used+at+IIASA+for+analysis+of+decision+problems+in+water+quality+management+and+land+use+for+sustainable+development+planning.+The+pilot+implementation+of+one+component+of+that+DSS%2C+namely+the+modular+software+tool+for+interactive+specification+of+user+preferences+is+described+in+more+detail.+The+tool+has+been+also+used+as+in+a+DSS+for+analysis+of+non-linear+problems+in+several+engineering+applications.&rft.publisher=WP-95-073&rft.date=1995-12&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4523%2F1%2FWP-95-073.pdf&rft.identifier=++Granat%2C+J.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1295.html%3E+%26+Makowski%2C+M.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F193.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0002-6107-0972+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0002-6107-0972%3E++(1995).++SAP-+Modular+Tool+for+Specification+and+Analysis+of+User+Preferences+in+Multiple-Criteria+Model+Analysis.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-95-073+++++