?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4525%2F&rft.title=Fertility+and+Mortality+in+North+Africa%3A+Levels%2C+Trends+and+Future+Prospects&rft.creator=Yousif%2C+H.M.&rft.description=The+focus+of+this+paper+is+on+substantive+aspects+of+fertility+and+mortality%2C+and+their+implications+for+future+population+trends+in+North+Africa.+There+is+convincing+evidence+that+high+fertility+has+been+maintained+for+a+considerable+time+and+that+a+decline+has+begun+in+these+countries.+This+decline+is+not+uniformly+the+same+in+each+country.+Most+of+it+is+in+urban+areas%2C+while+fertility+in+rural+areas+is+still+high.+Also%2C+because+of+differences+in+desired+fertility%2C+use+of+contraceptive+methods%2C+and+women's+education%2C+the+potential+for+further+decline+in+fertility+varies+considerably+by+place+of+residence.+Results+from+the+World+Fertility+Surveys+and+the+Demographic+and+Health+Surveys+show+enormous+fertility+differences+by+level+of+women's+education.+Also%2C+they+show+large+fertility+declines+in+response+to+a+few+years+increase+in+women's+education.+On+the+other+hand%2C+mortality+decline+is+progressing+rapidly.+Life+expectancy+at+birth+has+increased+for+males+and+females.+There+are+substantial+mortality+differences+between+countries.+Mortality+data+by+place+of+residence+in+North+Africa+is+not+available+except+for+Egypt%2C+where+life+expectancy+at+birth+has+increased+for+rural+males+and+females+more+than+for+their+urban+counterparts.+These+patterns+of+fertility+and+mortality+will+shape+the+future+population+trends+for+several+years.+In+the+first+place%2C+a+young+age+structure+resulting+primarily+from+past+high+fertility+levels+will+lead+to+high+population+growth+momentum+such+that+a+decline+in+fertility+will+not+have+its+full+impact+for+quite+a+long+period.+The+greatest+demographic+challenge+for+governments+in+North+Africa+is+in+rural+areas%2C+where+fertility+is+the+highest+and+women's+education+is+the+lowest.+On+the+other+hand%2C+there+are+considerable+uncertainties+about+future+demographic+trends+in+these+countries+primarily+because+of+social+development+and+political+instability.+With+differences+in+development+and+varying+political+support+to+national+population+programs+and+activities%2C+future+population+trends+in+these+countries+are+likely+to+take+a+divergent+course.&rft.publisher=WP-95-071&rft.date=1995-07&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4525%2F1%2FWP-95-071.pdf&rft.identifier=++Yousif%2C+H.M.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1674.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-8071-1395+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-8071-1395%3E++(1995).++Fertility+and+Mortality+in+North+Africa%3A+Levels%2C+Trends+and+Future+Prospects.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-95-071+++++