?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4532%2F&rft.title=Learning+from+the+Literature+on+Policy+Implementation%3A+A+Synthesis+Perspective&rft.creator=Najam%2C+A.&rft.description=Virtually+all+international+environmental+commitments+must+be+%22domesticated%22+--+transformed+into+domestic+rules+before+they+can+affect+the+individuals%2C+firms+and+organizations+that+international+environmental+agreements+ultimately+aim+to+influence.+The+domestication+of+international+commitments+is+a+relatively+new+topic%2C+but+scholars+will+learn+much+from+the+extensive+studies+conducted+over+the+last+three+decades+on+implementation+of+domestic+policies+and+programs.+In+this+paper%2C+the+author+reviews+the+main+works%2C+trends+and+concepts+in+the+policy+implementation+literature.+He+also+reviews+the+distinct+literature+on+policy+implementation+in+developing+countries.+Finally%2C+he+synthesizes+the+reviewed+literature+into+five+clusters+of+critical+variables+that+explain+success+and+failure+in+policy+implementation.+That+5C+protocol+is+an+organizing+framework+for+conducting+and+assessing+research+into+policy+implementation%2C+including+implementation+of+international+environmental+commitments.&rft.publisher=WP-95-061&rft.date=1995-07&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4532%2F1%2FWP-95-061.pdf&rft.identifier=++Najam%2C+A.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F2220.html%3E++(1995).++Learning+from+the+Literature+on+Policy+Implementation%3A+A+Synthesis+Perspective.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-95-061+++++