?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4558%2F&rft.title=Towards+a+Simplified+Model+to+Describe+Ozone+Formation+in+Europe&rft.creator=Heyes%2C+C.&rft.creator=Schoepp%2C+W.&rft.description=Air+pollution+is+a+multi-faceted+problem+with+a+variety+of+pollutants+released+from+a+large+number+of+different+anthropogenic+activities+causing+a+multitude+of+environmental+effects.+Cost-effective+strategies+to+reduce+negative+impacts+of+air+pollution+must+take+account+of+these+complexities+and+consider+the+individual+aspects+of+the+air+pollution+problem+simultaneously.+%0D%0A%0D%0AIntegrated+assessment+models+provide+a+consistent+framework+for+a+systematic+analysis+of+alternative+strategies.++One+of+such+models%2C+the+RAINS+(Regional+Acidification+Information+and+Simulation)+model+developed+at+IIASA%2C+has+been+used+as+a+scientific+support+tool+for+the+international+discussions+on+further+reductions+of+emissions+of+sulfur+dioxide+in+Europe%2C+which+led+in+1994+to+an+agreement+on+the+'Second+Sulfur+Protocol'.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+perceived+success+of+this+agreement+motivated+further+work+on+extending+model+analysis+to+additional+pollutants+and+effects.+Elevated+levels+of+tropospheric+ozone+are+currently+considered+as+one+of+the+major+air+quality+problems+in+Europe%2C+calling+for+balanced+reductions+of+emissions+of+nitrogen+oxides+and+volatile+organic+compounds.+A+major+obstacle+for+developing+a+practical+integrated+assessment+model+for+ozone+is+the+complexity+and+the+size+of+most+of+the+current+models+on+atmospheric+ozone+formation.+This+paper+tries+to+identify+elements+for+potential+model+simplifications%2C+which+could+contribute+to+the+development+of+an+operational+European-scale+ozone+formation+model.+Such+a+simplified+model+would+establish+the+core+of+an+integrated+assessment+model+for+ozone+formation%2C+linking+information+on+emissions+and+emission+control+costs+with+an+assessment+of+their+environmental+impacts.&rft.publisher=WP-95-034&rft.date=1995-04&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4558%2F1%2FWP-95-034.pdf&rft.identifier=++Heyes%2C+C.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F123.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-5254-493X+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-5254-493X%3E+%26+Schoepp%2C+W.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F273.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-5990-423X+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-5990-423X%3E++(1995).++Towards+a+Simplified+Model+to+Describe+Ozone+Formation+in+Europe.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-95-034+++++