?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4563%2F&rft.title=Industrialization+as+a+Historical+Phenomenon&rft.creator=Grubler%2C+A.&rft.description=Industrialization+is+shown+as+a+time-specific+and+spatially+heterogeneous+process.+The+description+of+industrialization+paths+uses+two+concepts+along+a+functional%2Ftemporal+and+a+spatial+dimension%3A+Technology+clusters%2C+i.e.%2C+a+set+of+interrelated+technological%2C+institutional+and+social+innovations%2C+drive+particular+(historical)+periods+of+industrial+output+and+productivity+growth.+A+spatial+taxonomy+reflects+the+different+degrees+of+development+and+intensiveness+of+industrialization+among+core%2C+rim%2C+and+periphery.+%0D%0A%0D%0AIn+an+inductive+approach%2C+industrial+growth+is+described+through+the+prism+of+changes+in+technology+clusters+and+the+spatially+heterogeneous+diffusion+of+industrialization+on+a+global+scale.+%22Industrialization+paths%22+are+discussed+on+the+basis+of+the+USA%2C+Western+Europe%2C+Russia+and+Japan.+The+quantitative+description+focuses+on+macro-level+indicators+of+industrial+output%2C+and+the+evolution+of+the+productivity+of+factor+inputs+labor+and+energy.+Energy+intensiveness+and+carbon+emissions+are+used+as+metric+to+assess+changes+in+the+environmental+impacts+of+various+industrialization+paths%2C+concluding+that+improvements+in+the+efficiency+of+factor+input+use+are+part+of+the+inherent+incentive+structure+of+industrial+evolution.+However%2C+historical+improvement+rates+will+have+to+be+considerably+accelerated+to+lower+absolute+levels+of+industrial+emissions.+%0D%0A%0D%0AFinally%2C+the+implications+of+industrial+productivity+growth+and+its+distribution+in+the+form+of+rising+incomes+(consumption)+and+free+time+(leisure)+are+discussed+inter+alia+from+an+environmental+perspective.&rft.publisher=WP-95-029&rft.date=1995-03&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4563%2F1%2FWP-95-029.pdf&rft.identifier=++Grubler%2C+A.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F112.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0002-7814-4990+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0002-7814-4990%3E++(1995).++Industrialization+as+a+Historical+Phenomenon.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-95-029+++++