?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4564%2F&rft.title=Social+Security+Issues+in+Reforming+and+Transition+Economies&rft.creator=MacKellar%2C+F.L.&rft.creator=McGreevey%2C+W.P.&rft.description=This+paper+describes+a+stages-of-development+model+according+to+which%2C+as+living+standards+rise%2C+the+responsibility+for+insuring+against+risks+associated+with+retirement+is+laid+upon+Government+in+the+form+of+emerging+social+security+systems.+Later%2C+political+support+for+the+continued+expansion+of+social+security+systems+weakens%2C+and+containment+becomes+the+order+of+the+day.+Clear+signs+of+such+containment+were+evident+in+the+OECD+economies+during+the+1980s.+%0D%0A%0D%0AHowever%2C+this+model+appears+not+to+describe+the+development+of+social+security+in+reforming+(essentially%2C+Latin+American)+and+transition+(essentially%2C+Eastern+and+Central+European)+economies%2C+where+social+security+systems+have+become+sources+of+distortion+and+imbalance+at+levels+of+development+much+lower+than+those+that+prevailed+in+OECD+economies+when+policy+makers+first+expressed+concern+and+began+to+implement+measures+to+correct+those+imbalances.+A+social+security+reform+agenda+is+discussed+which+would+shift+more+risk+to+the+individual%2C+taking+reforming+and+transition+economies+into+relatively+unexplored+territory.+The+social+costs+of+economic+reform+and+of+transition+from+command+to+market+economy+have+been+greater+than+many+analysts+anticipated%2C+and+how+reforms+will+be+implemented+in+the+currently+difficult+atmosphere+remains+to+be+seen%2C+as+does+the+long-term+viability+of+reformed+social+security+systems.&rft.publisher=WP-95-028&rft.date=1995-03&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4564%2F1%2FWP-95-028.pdf&rft.identifier=++MacKellar%2C+F.L.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F2146.html%3E+%26+McGreevey%2C+W.P.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F2173.html%3E++(1995).++Social+Security+Issues+in+Reforming+and+Transition+Economies.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-95-028+++++