?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4996%2F&rft.title=Cadmium%2C+Zinc+and+Lead+Load+to+Agricultural+Land+in+the+Upper+Oder+and+Elbe+Basins+During+the+Period+1955-1994&rft.creator=Prieler%2C+S.&rft.creator=Smal%2C+H.&rft.creator=Olendrzynski%2C+K.&rft.creator=Anderberg%2C+S.&rft.creator=Stigliani%2C+W.M.&rft.description=This+paper+presents+the+results+of+an+analysis+on+the+total+load+of+cadmium%2C+zinc+and+lead+to+agricultural+soils+during+the+period+1955-1994.+Total+heavy+metal+load+will+serve+as+input+for+the+soil+modeling+part+of+the+wider+IIASA+study+on+%22Regional+Material+Balance+Approaches+to+Long+Term+Environmental+Planning.%22+The+project+area+embraces+the+northwestern+part+of+the+Czech+Republic+(Bohemia+and+Morawia)%2C+southwestern+Poland+(Upper+and+Lower+Silesia)%2C+and+the+south+of+the+former+G.D.R.+(Sachsen%2C+Sachsen-Anhalt%2C+Brandenburg%2C+Thueringen).+Agricultural+soils+receive+heavy+metal+via+atmospheric+deposition+and+via+certain+agricultural+practices%2C+the+most+important+ones+are%3A+P-fertilizer+application+and+manuring.+Atmospheric+deposition+loads+were+derived+from+computations+within+the+atmospheric+modeling+part+of+the+IIASA+IND+Project.+On+the+basis+of+a+literature+search+focusing+on+the+countries+of+the+project+area+heavy+metal+concentration+factors+for+P-fertilizer+and+manure+were+established.+The+fertilizer+and+manure+application+during+the+study+period+was+derived+from+diverse+statistical+sources.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+analysis+shows+the+importance+of+regional+differences+and+of+the+changes+in+time.+This+refers+to+both%2C+the+total+load+of+heavy+metals+to+the+soils+and+the+share+of+agricultural+or+atmospheric+load+in+total+load.+The+atmospheric+load+is+highest+in+the+60s+or+70s+and+then+shows+a+downward+trend.+The+highest+P-fertilizer+and+manure+application+rates+are+in+the+70s+or+80s+(and+consequently+the+heavy+metal+load+due+to+these+practices+is+high).+After+the+economic+changes+in+1989+there+is+a+sharp+decline+in+fertilizer+application.+The+agricultural+share+in+total+load+is+very+low+in+the+case+of+lead%2C+amounting+to+less+than+10%25+during+the+whole+period.+Agricultural+share+in+total+load+of+cadmium+and+zinc+varies+considerable+over+time+and+shows+high+regional+differences.+For+cadmium+the+agricultural+share+in+total+load+ranges+between+10+and+60+percent%2C+in+the+case+of+zinc+between+30+and+80+percent.+A+general+feature+here+is%2C+the+higher+the+total+load%2C+the+higher+the+share+in+atmospheric+deposition.+%0D%0A%0D%0AA+preliminary+mass+balance+for+cadmium+and+lead+in+soils+shows+possible+implications+for+long-term+build+up+of+heavy+metals+in+soils.+The+release+of+Cadmium+from+soils+via+erosion+and+leaching+contributes+as+so+called+diffuse+load+to+total+Cadmium+load+to+rivers.+The+mass+balance+gives+estimates+for+this+diffuse+load.+%0D%0A%0D%0AFinally+sources+of+uncertainties+are+discussed.+They+refer+in+particular+to+spatial+variations+that+cannot+be+traced+in+this+type+of+analysis.+Close+to+major+heavy+metal+emittents+or+in+areas+where+uncontrolled+sewage+sludge+application+took+place%2C+the+heavy+metal+load+may+be+significantly+higher+than+estimated+in+this+study.&rft.publisher=WP-96-030&rft.date=1996-03&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F4996%2F1%2FWP-96-030.pdf&rft.identifier=++Prieler%2C+S.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F312.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0002-7024-1075+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0002-7024-1075%3E%2C+Smal%2C+H.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1581.html%3E%2C+Olendrzynski%2C+K.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1489.html%3E%2C+Anderberg%2C+S.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1122.html%3E+ORCID%3A+https%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-7131-7353+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Forcid.org%2F0000-0001-7131-7353%3E%2C+%26+Stigliani%2C+W.M.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1593.html%3E++(1996).++Cadmium%2C+Zinc+and+Lead+Load+to+Agricultural+Land+in+the+Upper+Oder+and+Elbe+Basins+During+the+Period+1955-1994.+++IIASA+Working+Paper.+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+WP-96-030+++++