?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F5940%2F&rft.title=Costs+of+a+Ceiling+on+Kyoto+Flexibility&rft.creator=Gusbin%2C+D.&rft.creator=Klaassen%2C+G.&rft.creator=Kouvaritakis%2C+N.&rft.description=This+paper+examines+the+potential+costs+of+a+ceiling+on+the+use+of+flexibility+mechanisms+in+the+Kyoto+Protocol+using+POLES%2C+a+partial+equilibrium+model+of+the+world+energy+systems.+The+results+suggest+that+if+emission+trading+were+restricted+to+Annex+I+countries%2C+halving+the+traded+volume+would+increase+costs+by+US%2411+billion+per+year.+If+emission+trading+were+to+operate+at+a+global+level%2C+reducing+the+trade+to+half+the+perfect+market+volume+would+increase+annual+costs+by+US%2412+billion+per+year.+Global+carbon+emission+might%2C+however%2C+be+1%25+lower.+The+sensitivity+of+the+results+is+discussed.&rft.publisher=RR-00-011.+Reprinted+from+Energy+Policy%2C+27%3A833-844+%5B1999%5D.&rft.date=1999&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.rights=cc_by&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fid%2Feprint%2F5940%2F1%2FRR-00-11.pdf&rft.identifier=++Gusbin%2C+D.%2C+Klaassen%2C+G.+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpure.iiasa.ac.at%2Fview%2Fiiasa%2F1376.html%3E%2C+%26+Kouvaritakis%2C+N.++(1999).++Costs+of+a+Ceiling+on+Kyoto+Flexibility.+++IIASA+Research+Report+(Reprint).+IIASA%2C+Laxenburg%2C+Austria%3A+RR-00-011.+Reprinted+from+Energy+Policy%2C+27%3A833-844+%5B1999%5D.+++++