RT Monograph SR 00 A1 Gusbin, D. A1 Klaassen, G. A1 Kouvaritakis, N. T1 Costs of a Ceiling on Kyoto Flexibility YR 1999 FD 1999 VO 27 SP 16 AB This paper examines the potential costs of a ceiling on the use of flexibility mechanisms in the Kyoto Protocol using POLES, a partial equilibrium model of the world energy systems. The results suggest that if emission trading were restricted to Annex I countries, halving the traded volume would increase costs by US$11 billion per year. If emission trading were to operate at a global level, reducing the trade to half the perfect market volume would increase annual costs by US$12 billion per year. Global carbon emission might, however, be 1% lower. The sensitivity of the results is discussed. PB RR-00-011. Reprinted from Energy Policy, 27:833-844 [1999]. PP IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria SN 0301-4215 AV Published LK https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/5940/