Short-Lived Climate Forcers (Chapter 6)

Szopa, S., Naik, V., Adhikary, B., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Collins, W.D., Fuzzi, S., Gallardo, L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Klimont, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-198X, Liao, H., Unger, N., & Zanis, P. (2021). Short-Lived Climate Forcers (Chapter 6). In: IPCC 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Eds. Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S.L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., et al., pp. 817-922 Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781009157896.008.

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Abstract

Short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) affect climate and are, in most cases, also air pollutants. They include aerosols (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, mineral dust and sea spray), which are also called particulate matter (PM), and chemically reactive gases (methane, ozone, some halogenated compounds, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, sulphur dioxide and ammonia). Except for methane and some halogenated compounds whose lifetimes are about a decade or more, SLCF abundances are spatially highly heterogeneous since they only persist in the atmosphere from a few hours to a couple of months. SLCFs are either radiatively active or influence the abundances of radiatively active compounds through chemistry (chemical adjustments), and their climate effect occurs predominantly in the first two decades after their emission or formation. They can have either a cooling or warming effect on climate, and they also affect precipitation and other climate variables. Methane and some halogenated compounds are included in climate treaties, unlike the other SLCFs that are nevertheless indirectly affected by climate change mitigation since many of them are often co-emitted with CO2 in combustion processes. This chapter assesses the changes, in the past and in a selection of possible futures, of the emissions and abundances of individual SLCFs primarily on global to continental scales, and how these changes affect the Earth’s energy balance through radiative forcing and feedback in the climate system. The attribution of climate and air-quality changes to emissions sectors and regions, and the effects of SLCF mitigations defined for various environmental purposes, are also assessed.

Item Type:	Book Section
Uncontrolled Keywords:	IPCC Sixth Assessment Report WG1
Research Programs:	Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) > Pollution Management (PM)
Depositing User:	Michaela Rossini
Date Deposited:	25 Sep 2023 14:49
Last Modified:	25 Sep 2023 15:06
URI:	https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/19089

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