Tracking unaccounted greenhouse gas emissions due to the war in Ukraine since 2022

Bun, R., Marland, G., Oda, T., See, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-7065, Puliafito, E., Nahorski, Z., Jonas, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-4145, Kovalyshyn, V., Ialongo, I., Yashchun, O., & Romanchuk, Z. (2024). Tracking unaccounted greenhouse gas emissions due to the war in Ukraine since 2022. Science of the Total Environment 914 e169879. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169879.

[thumbnail of 1-s2.0-S0048969724000135-main.pdf] Text
1-s2.0-S0048969724000135-main.pdf - Accepted Version
Restricted to Repository staff only until 4 January 2026.
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives.

Download (2MB)

Abstract

Accounting and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are mandatory for Parties under the Paris Agreement. Emissions reporting is important for understanding the global carbon cycle and for addressing global climate change. However, in a period of open conflict or war, military emissions increase significantly and the accounting system is not currently designed to account adequately for this source. In this paper we analyze how, during the first 18 months of the 2022/2023 full-scale war in Ukraine, GHG national inventory reporting to the UNFCCC was affected. We estimated the decrease of emissions due to a reduction in traditional human activities. We identified major, war-related, emission processes from the territory of Ukraine not covered by current GHG inventory guidelines and that are not likely to be included in national inventory reports. If these emissions are included, they will likely be incorporated in a way that is not transparent with potentially high uncertainty. We analyze publicly available data and use expert judgment to estimate such emissions from (1) the use of bombs, missiles, barrel artillery, and mines; (2) the consumption of oil products for military operations; (3) fires at petroleum storage depots and refineries; (4) fires in buildings and infrastructure facilities; (5) fires on forest and agricultural lands; and (6) the decomposition of war-related garbage/waste. Our estimate of these war-related emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide for the first 18 months of the war in Ukraine is 77 MtCO2-eq. with a relative uncertainty of ±22 % (95 % confidence interval).

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: GHG emission reporting; Uncertainty in GHG emissions; Unreported GHG emissions; War in Ukraine; Wartime GHG emissions
Research Programs: Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA)
Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA) > Exploratory Modeling of Human-natural Systems (EM)
Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA) > Novel Data Ecosystems for Sustainability (NODES)
Depositing User: Luke Kirwan
Date Deposited: 08 Jan 2024 13:55
Last Modified: 16 Feb 2024 12:42
URI: https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/19392

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item