Effect of the Seoul Metropolitan Area Air Quality Policy on the Reduction of Emissions in Mobile Sources

Kim, B., Jang, Y., Kim, Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-5068, Woo, J.-H., Kim, J., Kim, J., & Park, M. (2020). Effect of the Seoul Metropolitan Area Air Quality Policy on the Reduction of Emissions in Mobile Sources. In: AGU Fall Meeting 2020, 1-17 December 2020, San Francisco, USA.

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Abstract

The Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA) is one of largest megacities in the world and the most important area in managing air pollution in Korea as well. Due to its densely populated cars and people, fine particle pollution in the metro area has been a big pollution issue for decades. The mobile sources have the greatest impact on air pollution in the SMA, accounting for more than 75% and 40% of annual NOx and PM2.5 emissions, respectively. Various policies have been set to reduce the mobile source emissions. Stringent air quality improvement plans, such as the ‘Seoul metropolitan Air quality Improvement Plan(SAIP)’ and the ‘Comprehensive Plan for Fine Particles Management(CPFPM)’, were ambitiously set to control the emissions, including vehicle emissions. The policy measures like the early retirement of old vehicles and banning the operation for dirty vehicles were also announced. The actual ambient air pollution level, however, has not been improved much compared to the big efforts put into the anti-pollution policies. The concentration of NO2 and PM2.5 in Seoul was 0.032ppm and 23㎍/㎥ in 2015, respectively, which remain similar level of 0.028 ppm and 23㎍/㎥, respectively, in 2018. To make substantial improvement, we first need to analyze emissions reductions from the policies and control technologies accurately, to ensure air quality policies were being implemented properly. In this study, the emission reductions for mobile sources were estimated using the proposed reduction methodologies in the SAIP to understand quantitative effects of mobile source control policies. The expected amount of emissions reduction by the policy measure was calculated by multiplying the designated BAU emissions, policy penetration rate, and the control efficiency. The emission factor, Vehicle Kilometers Traveled(VKT) and deterioration factor were also used for this process. Accurate and specific reduction estimates were derived by considering the model year of the vehicle which represents degradations and applied regulations for each vehicle. Amount of emission reduction by control measures and their impacts on the air quality will be discussed at the conference.

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