Understanding Human Behavior Response to Disasters

Erokhin, D. & Komendantova, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-6179 (2024). Understanding Human Behavior Response to Disasters. Natural Hazard Science 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.554.

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Abstract

Human behavior during disasters is shaped by a complex interplay of psychological, social, cultural, and economic factors. Understanding these elements is critical to improving disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts.

Psychological factors, such as risk perception, significantly influence how individuals prepare for and respond to disasters. Personal experiences, media coverage, and cognitive biases shape risk assessments and decision-making processes. Theories such as protection motivation theory and the extended parallel process model offer insights into how individuals make decisions about disaster preparedness. Coping mechanisms during disasters can be problem focused, addressing the root causes of stress, or emotion focused, managing the emotional impact through strategies such as seeking social support.

Social and cultural dimensions also play crucial roles in disaster resilience. Social networks and community cohesion provide essential support systems that facilitate recovery. Cultural beliefs, including religious and spiritual practices, offer comfort and explanations during disasters, while traditional knowledge contributes to preparedness and response efforts. However, social vulnerability is heightened among certain groups, such as lower income individuals, the elderly, and those with disabilities. Gender roles further influence disaster experiences and responses, often dictating the resources and support available to individuals.

Economic factors are equally significant in shaping disaster outcomes. Access to financial resources and insurance can determine the extent of disaster preparedness and recovery. Economic inequality exacerbates the impact of disasters, with marginalized groups frequently experiencing the most severe consequences. Targeted interventions and support for these vulnerable populations are essential for reducing disparities and promoting equitable recovery.

Case studies, such as those on Hurricane Katrina, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, and the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrate the diverse psychological, social, cultural, and economic factors that influence disaster responses and recovery efforts. Integrating these behavioral insights into disaster management strategies is vital for motivating protective behaviors, ensuring culturally sensitive interventions, and providing comprehensive mental health support.

Building resilient communities requires a multifaceted approach that includes community-based strategies, economic policies addressing vulnerabilities, and resilient infrastructure design. These efforts are crucial for enhancing community resilience and minimizing the impacts of future disasters.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	human behaviordisaster responserisk perceptioncommunity resiliencesocial vulnerabilityeconomic factorspsychological impactcultural beliefscoping mechanismsdisaster management
Research Programs:	Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA) Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA) > Cooperation and Transformative Governance (CAT)
Depositing User:	Luke Kirwan
Date Deposited:	21 Nov 2024 14:42
Last Modified:	21 Nov 2024 14:42
URI:	https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/20138

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