Nonpoint Nitrate Pollution of Municipal Water Supply Sources: Issues of Analysis and Control

Zwirnmann, K.-H. (1982). Nonpoint Nitrate Pollution of Municipal Water Supply Sources: Issues of Analysis and Control. IIASA Collaborative Paper. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: CP-82-S4

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Abstract

In many developed and developing regions throughout the world, water supply and management agencies are confronted by a steadily increasing demand for water. Water supply is usually constrained by natural, technological, and economic conditions. The limit on the quantity of water which can be tapped grows more severe, because deteriorating water quality necessitates more and more complex utilization constraints. Operating with this in mind, regional water managers attempt to satisfy different supply interests, especially when these interests conflict with each other. Therefore, the competing interests of agriculture, environment, and municipal water supply become increasingly important. For example, in recent years, water supply agencies have become progressively more concerned by high nitrate levels in municipal water supply sources.

In 1980, an exploratory study on "Analysis and Control of Nonpoint Nitrate Pollution on Municipal Water Supply Sources" was initiated at IIASA. The project was a collaborative effort between IIASA's Resources and Environment Area and scientific institutions in several National Member Organization countries. In concluding the project, a Task Force Meeting, bringing together experts from different fields--hydrologists, hydrogeologists, engineers, and agricultural economists--was held. The study results obtained by IIASA and the collaborative institutions was discussed in depth and topics for further research were discussed. The papers presented at this meeting are included in this volume.

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