Global carbon emissions and decarbonization in 2024

Deng, Z., Zhu, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-6797, Davis, S.J., Ciais, P., Guan, D., Gong, P., & Liu, Z. (2025). Global carbon emissions and decarbonization in 2024. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 6 (4) 231-233. 10.1038/s43017-025-00658-x.

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Abstract

Global CO2 emissions in 2024 increased 0.9% on the previous year, totalling 36.3 Gt CO2. These ongoing emissions further deplete remaining carbon budgets, with some estimates suggesting the 1.5 °C budget will be surpassed within the next 5 years — and may have been already.

Key points
* Global emissions averaged 99.3 Mt CO2 per day, with the largest growth coming from India and Russia, and a slight reduction from China.
* Global non-fossil energy development grew 6.2%, corresponding to an estimated 9.8 Gt CO2 of Scope 4 (that is, avoided) emissions in 2024.
* 0–205 Gt CO2 remains of the carbon budget to limit warming to 1.5 °C, suggesting permissible emissions have already been exceeded or could be depleted within 5.1 years; 860–955 Gt CO2 remains of the 2 °C budget, which could be depleted within 21.3–23.7 years (at 67% likelihood).

Item Type:	Article
Research Programs:	Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA) Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA) > Exploratory Modeling of Human-natural Systems (EM) Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) > Integrated Assessment and Climate Change (IACC)
Depositing User:	Michaela Rossini
Date Deposited:	14 Apr 2025 12:47
Last Modified:	14 Apr 2025 12:47
URI:	https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/20510

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