Evolution of innovation and production supply chains: the case of microalgae-based β-carotene

Palatnik, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-456X, Borowitzka, M., Hochman, G., & Zilberman, D. (2025). Evolution of innovation and production supply chains: the case of microalgae-based β-carotene. European Review of Agricultural Economics jbaf019. 10.1093/erae/jbaf019.

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Abstract

Abstract

Establishing new bio-based sectors requires effective implementation of innovation and production supply chains, often competing with established synthetic technologies. Our analytical model conceptualizes the competition between an incumbent industry and a competitive fringe, each producing differentiated products. Although motivated by the β-carotene case, the model is versatile and applicable to other contexts involving novel products entering markets dominated by established technologies. Developed by university researchers and commercialized by start-ups, natural β-carotene was eventually integrated into major synthetic corporations. Initially niche and costly, it gained market competitiveness through innovation and expanded applications, driving technological advancements and significantly benefiting the broader algae-based industry.

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