Reflections and Future Directions for Multi-Hazard Risk in the Context of the Sendai Framework and Discussions Beyond

Tiggeloven, T., Raymond, C., de Ruiter, M.C., Sillmann, J., Thieken, A.H., Buijs, S.L., Ciurean, R., Cordier, E., Crummy, J.M., Cumiskey, L., De Polt, K., Duncan, M., Ferrario, D.M., Jäger, W.S., Koks, E.E., van Maanen, N., Murdock, H.J., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Poschlod, B., et al. (2025). Reflections and Future Directions for Multi-Hazard Risk in the Context of the Sendai Framework and Discussions Beyond. EGUsphere 10.5194/egusphere-2025-2771. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Multi-hazard events pose increasingly complex challenges to societies worldwide, as natural hazards interact in cascading and compounding ways that amplify risks beyond individual hazards. Understanding these complex interactions is critical for effective disaster risk management, preparedness, and response strategies. National and international frameworks have increasingly recognised these risk dynamics, most notably the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. With the Sendai Framework approaching its conclusion, there is a pressing need to address current shortcomings and contribute meaningfully to shaping the next generation of global disaster risk reduction (DRR) frameworks. Acknowledging this need, the 3rd International Conference on Natural Hazards and Risks in a Changing World took place on June 12–13, 2024, with the objective of strengthening the integration of multi-hazard risk into scientific research and policy practice in support of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Here, we document the arc of the scientific discussions held at the conference, synthesise the main findings from sessions, and set forth expert knowledge on how state-of-the-art science can fill gaps outlined by the Sendai Framework Mid Term Review by identifying four perspective themes: (1) assessments and tools for risk understanding and decision-making; (2) complex risk landscapes; (3) emerging technologies for risk and resilience; and (4) multi-level governance for coordinated risk management. Ultimately, there was a strong call from the conference for moving beyond siloed thinking toward greater integration of multi-hazards, vulnerability dynamics, multi-level governance, stakeholder engagement, and scientific disciplines across spatial and temporal dimensions, while recognising that the challenge ahead lies in finding the optimal balance between sufficient integration and manageable complexity. This perspective emphasises that effective DRR must initiate transformative processes to build resilience against increasing global challenges while informing the development of post-2030 frameworks and supporting broader Sustainable Development Goals.

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