An MILP framework for gas supply chain infrastructure planning with endogenous logistics schemes

Pratama, Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7660-4666, Reyseliani, N., & Purwanto, W.W. (2025). An MILP framework for gas supply chain infrastructure planning with endogenous logistics schemes. Gas Science and Engineering 143 e205742. 10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205742.

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Abstract

This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework to minimise the costs of gas supply chains. Distinct from existing approaches in the literature, which often rely on pre-defined logistics schemes and treat storage sizing at receiving terminals in isolation, this framework integrates these into a single optimisation model. By setting these elements as decision variables, the framework allows for simultaneous optimisation of shipping strategies and receiving terminals design. Here, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain in Indonesia's Maluku Islands was used as a case study. Additionally, the framework was applied to the Finnish coastline and the Caribbean Islands, which differ substantially in terms of demand levels, distances between locations, and geographical contexts, to demonstrate its applicability to problems with differing characteristics. The results show that clustering demands to increase project sizes can lead to significant cost reductions. However, the marginal gains of these economies of scale diminish rapidly as project size grows, especially with longer shipping distances. Finally, the proposed framework was also shown to provide substantially lower-cost solutions compared to methods that rely on pre-determined shipping strategies or optimise shipping and storage capacities separately.

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