Responses to Humidity and Temperature Perturbations in High-Resolution Simulations of Convection

Raupach, T.H., Daleu, C.L., Plant, R.S., Sherwood, S.C., & Hwong, Y.-L. (2026). Responses to Humidity and Temperature Perturbations in High-Resolution Simulations of Convection. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 18 (4) e2025MS005340. 10.1029/2025MS005340.

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Abstract

Convection parameterization is a leading source of uncertainty in global and regional climate models, and a lack of ground truth complicates the assessment of convection scheme performance. Here we test a linear framework for quantifying convective responses, using two models run at convection-permitting resolution, to examine model responses to temperature and humidity perturbations. For the models examined, a grid spacing finer than ∼1 km was required for consistent (hence potentially accurate) responses, implying good representation of convectively-coupled dynamics. The results from the tests at 100 and 250 m grid spacing could reasonably be used in idealized tests of convective schemes, as their spread is mostly small compared to the spread of previously reported scheme behavior.

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