A global dataset of immigration flow composition by age, sex and educational attainment

Yildiz, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-0634 & Abel, G.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-5687 (2026). A global dataset of immigration flow composition by age, sex and educational attainment. Scientific Data 13 (1) e1279. 10.1038/s41597-026-07969-8.

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Abstract

People at different ages and with different educational background have different migration patterns. However, international migration flows by age and educational attainment are scarce and not always comparable. We use a super learning algorithm with multiple initial models to estimate age and education composition of male and female immigrants for 199 countries over six five-year periods from 1990–1995 to 2015–2020. We access the performance of our approach through cross-validation and comparing initial learners with the super learner algorithm using multiple evaluation metrics. We also compare our age composition estimates against equivalent measures from Eurostat. The estimates indicate that while the proportion of immigration flows with higher education increase in all regions, Europe has the highest immigration flow with secondary or higher education.

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