Ways of Transition to Clean Energy Use: Two Methodological Approaches

Belyaev, L.S., Kaganovich, B.M., Krutov, A.N., Filippov, S.P., Martinsen, D., Mueller, M., Wagner, H.J., & Walbeck, M. (1987). Ways of Transition to Clean Energy Use: Two Methodological Approaches. IIASA Working Paper. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: WP-87-015

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Abstract

The combustion of fossil fuels for the production of energy has already resulted in significant modifications of the earth's environment, primarily through the emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates.

The modern world primary energy consumption patterns and its trends lead to the utilization of dirtier and more expensive fossil fuels. The desire to protect the environment is contradictory Lo such structural changes in energy like the broader use of coal as substitution for liquid fuels, taking into account the depletion of coal deposits with low sulfur contents.

Previous studies carried out at IIASA, in the FRG, the US, the USSR and other countries, formulate one long-term technological strategy that might limit pollutant emissions sufficiently to permit an efficient and ecologically sustainable development of the world's energy consumption patterns. This technological strategy is based on the implementation of the so-called Integrated Energy Systems (IES) or Integrated Energy-Chemical Systems (IECS). The basic idea of IES incorporates the decomposition and purification of primary fossil energy inputs before combustion, the integration of these decomposed (clean) products and the allocation of them in line with the requirements for final energy. Thus, Integrated Energy Systems represent a concept for providing a flexible range of final energy forms from varying inputs of different primary energy sources. Other potential advantages include improved performance of the whole energy system, such as higher efficiencies and lower environmental impacts.

The joint report of the Kernforschungsanlage Julich (KFA), Julich, FRG and the Siberian Energy Institute (SEI), Irkutsk, USSR describes the concepts, methodological approaches, and preliminary results of the analysis of technological options and technoeconomic properties of the different types of integrated energy systems. The study of KFA and SEI, based on the cooperation with the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, emphasizes the common viewpoint that the idea of integrated energy systems constitutes an essential basis for new studies on energy systems with a high degree of utilizing primary energy sources and with low emissions.

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