Regional Strategies for Atmospheric Protection Using Simulation Models

Antonovsky, M.Y. & Litvin, V.A. (1989). Regional Strategies for Atmospheric Protection Using Simulation Models. IIASA Working Paper. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: WP-89-029

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Abstract

This paper summarizes the results of research on ecological-economic modeling carried out in the Natural Environment and Climate Monitoring Laboratory (GOSKOMGIDROMET) in the period 1979-1987, embodied as a multi-goal, automated system (MARS). The system is designed to assist in developing air quality management strategies for urban and mesoscale regions.

Management decisions on controlling atmospheric pollution are made in practice at several administrative levels, i.e., that of a republic, an economic region, a territorial-production complex, a separate state and so on. Such a territorial scale corresponds to the concept of a mesoscale region. One can consider a city as an elementary territorial administrative unit.

At the present time, management goals for air quality are not simple. In addition, it is impossible to formulate a model capable of estimating realistically the state of the near-earth layer of the atmosphere.

In cities and mesoscale regions, some hundred or even thousand sources of pollutants are situated and the emissions contain various harmful components.

To decrease the pollution of the near-earth layers of atmosphere, some concrete measures (usually from 5 to 15) can be taken at each of the sources. Thus the task of identifying and analyzing the effectiveness of various atmosphere protection strategies is important. The MARS program package solves this complicated task for stationary sources.

A mesoscale region and a city are represented in MARS by a regular grid of 0.5 km to 10 km (usually 1 km for a city and 10 km for a region).

MARS is able to analyze the effectiveness of various control measures. The application of MARS requires a relatively small data bank comprising two parts: (a) information on natural climatic features of the territory and parameters of emission sources; (b) information on technology to reduce emission sources. The first part of the data bank is well worked out and does not cause any difficulties. The second part of the data bank requires a design study of possible technological measures for reducing effluents at the sources. For this it is also necessary to generalize analogues for use in other cities/regions.

Proposed models, algorithms, and program packages are used in the USSR as a basis for strategies of atmosphere protection in cities and regions.

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