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Grubler, A. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-4990
(2008).
Energy transitions.
In:
The Encyclopedia of Earth.
Eds. Cleveland, Cutler J.,
National Council for Science and the Environment: Environmental Information Coalition.
Abstract
Patterns of energy have changed dramatically since the onset of the Industrial Revolution in terms of both energy quantities and energy quality. These changing patterns of energy use, where energy quantities and quality interact in numerous important ways, are referred to in this article as energy transitions and are described mainly from a historical perspective. Far from being completed, many of these transitions are continuing to unfold in industrial and developing countries alike indicating powerful trends towards higher energy use and environmental impacts as a twin result of population and economic growth. These upward pressure trends are moderated however by continued improvements in the efficiency of energy use and improvements in energy quality, illustrated in this article by the energy intensity of economic activity and the carbon intensity of energy both at the level of primary energy and final energy.
| Item Type: | Book Section |
|---|---|
| Research Programs: | Transitions to New Technologies (TNT) |
| Bibliographic Reference: | In: Cutler J. Cleveland (Ed.); The Encyclopedia of Earth; Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington, DC, USA |
| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | IIASA Import |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2016 08:41 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Aug 2021 17:20 |
| URI: | https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/8630 |
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