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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13720 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13720 http://eprints.org/relation/isCoversheetVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13720 archive 351 disk0/00/01/07/27 2016-01-15 08:49:56 2021-08-27 17:23:50 2016-01-15 08:49:56 monograph show 3 Haller B.C. Mazzucco R. 1843 Dieckmann U. 1668 0000-0001-7089-0393 pub iis_ecl prog_eep Spatial environmental heterogeneity; Local adaptation; Individual-based model; Negative frequency-dependent selection; Ecological speciation; Evolutionary refugia Divergent adaptation to different environments can promote speciation, and it is thus important to consider spatial structure in models of speciation. Earlier theoretical work, however, has been limited to particularly simple types of spatial structure (linear environmental gradients and spatially discrete metapopulations), leaving unaddressed the effects of more realistic patterns of landscape heterogeneity, such as nonlinear gradients and spatially continuous patchiness. To elucidate the consequences of such complex landscapes, we adapt an established spatially explicit individual-based model of evolutionary branching. We show that branching is most probable at intermediate levels of various types of heterogeneity and that different types of heterogeneity have, to some extent, additive effects in promoting branching. In contrast to such additivity, we find a novel refugium effect in which refugia in hostile environments provide opportunities for colonization, thus increasing the probability of branching in patchy landscapes. Effects of patchiness depend on the scale of patches relative to dispersal. Providing a needed connection to empirical research on biodiversity and conservation policy, we introduce empirically accessible spatial environmental metrics that quantitatively predict a landscape's branching propensity. 2013 published IR-13-035 IR-13-035 201 66 public interim_report IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria 72 FALSE info:eu-repo/semantics/book