For computational reasons, evaluations of NOx emission controls usually concentrate on either episodic or annual impacts on pollution or deposition levels. However, previously published model results indicate that the consequences of NOx controls can be quite different on these different time scales. In this paper we analyse the impact of a consistent set of NOx control scenarios on both the episodic and annual time-scales. Using similar models, we compute levels of episode peak O3 and NO2 and annual NOyN and total N deposition at three locations in Europe due to six emission scenarios derived from OECD estimates. An NOx control scenario which reduces European emissions by 63%, only results in total annual N deposition reductions of 19, 36 and 26% at the three locations examined because of the influence of ammonia-nitrogen deposition. The same scenario results in either increases or decreases in episode peak O3 due to the influence of hydrocarbons. Emission reduction strategies should take into account not only NOx emissions, but emissions of other pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and ammonia.