This section reviews some aspects of the climate of NEB (Northeast Brazil, i.e., the “Nordeste”), focusing in Subsection 2.2 on rainfall, its interannual variability and the mechanisms that produce rain. Subsection 2.3 provides a short review of the state of the art of drought prediction for NEB. It also discusses the occurrence of drought and describes the coincidence of drought episodes and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon. A set of agroclimatic scenarios of different types of drought episode that can be used in crop production experiments and computer analyses are identified in Subsection 2.4. A summary and conclusion are given in Subsection 2.5.