In order to investigate the effects of climatic variations on production and allocation of winter wheat in the Stavropol territory, two large series of optimization experiments have been conducted. The first set of experiments, described in detail in Section 2, involved simulations with a crop production model. A nonlinear optimization procedure was employed to compute the optimum share of fallow in each of the five agricultural zones in the territory along with the optimum applications of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers required to maximize the stability of yields or to maximize the average total production, under different climatic scenarios. The second series of optimization experiments was devoted to determining winter wheat allocation in a wider sense, by selecting optimum technologies and rotations that would minimize total expenditures on grain production under the same climatic scenarios.