Fertility and social security issues are frequently dealt with simultaneously, as several links between low fertility and the existence of social security and particularly pension provisions exist. In societies which lack collective systems to provide for retirement, people are dependent on their offspring for old age security. In such societies, old age security is recognized as one of the motives for having children (Joshi, 1991). As a consequence, pension provision has been suggested as a policy to reduce birth rates in poor, high fertility countries.