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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/78902 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/78902 http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/78902 archive 5 disk0/00/01/33/47 2016-07-12 09:35:21 2021-08-27 17:41:15 2017-08-23 08:37:41 article show Salk C. 8556 Lopez M.-C. Wong G. pub prog_esm experimental games;forest;incentives;Laos;payments for environmental services; REDD; shifting cultivation; swidden In this paper, we use a new game-based tool to evaluate the immediate and longer-term behavioral change potential of three different payment for environmental services (PES) delivery mechanisms: direct payments for individual performance, direct payments for group performance and insurance. Results from four rural shifting-cultivation dependent communities in Lao PDR suggest that easily understood group-oriented incentives yield the greatest immediate resource-use reduction and experience less free-riding. Group-based incentives may succeed because they motivate participants to communicate about strategies and coordinate their actions and are perceived as fair. No incentive had a lasting effect after it ceased, but neither did any crowd out the participants’ baseline behavior. Temporary reductions in resource dependence may provide a buffer for development of new livelihoods and longer-term change. Games like the one developed here can help policymakers appropriately target environmental incentive programs to local contexts and teach program participants how incentive schemes work. 2017 published Wiley 10.1111/conl.12277 Volume 10, Issue 4 July/August 2017 Pages 414–421 262 public Conservation Letters 10 4 414-421 TRUE 1755263X FALSE no info:eu-repo/semantics/article