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    <title>Transformative direction of R&amp;D– lessons from Amazon&apos;s endeavor</title>
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Such a rapid and notable increase in R&amp;D investment has raised the question of a new R&amp;D definition in the digital economy, which Amazon insists includes both “routine or periodic alterations” (traditionally classified as non-R&amp;D) and “significant improvement” (classified as R&amp;D), as Amazon transforms the former into the latter during its R&amp;D process.

A convincing answer to this question will give rise to insightful suggestions regarding a new concept of R&amp;D in the digital economy.</abstract>
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