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    <abstract>Citizen science is an increasingly acknowledged approach applied in many scientific domains, and particularly within the environmental and ecological sciences, in which non-professional participants contribute to data collection to advance scientific research. We present contributory citizen science as a valuable method to scientists and practitioners within the environmental and ecological sciences, focusing on the full life cycle of citizen science practice, from design to implementation, evaluation and data management. We highlight key issues in citizen science and how to address them, such as participant engagement and retention, data quality assurance and bias correction, as well as ethical considerations regarding data sharing. We also provide a range of examples to illustrate the diversity of applications, from biodiversity research and land cover assessment to forest health monitoring and marine pollution. The aspects of reproducibility and data sharing are considered, placing citizen science within an encompassing open science perspective. Finally, we discuss its limitations and challenges and present an outlook for the application of citizen science in multiple science domains.</abstract>
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    <publication>Nature Reviews Methods Primers</publication>
    <volume>2</volume>
    <number>1</number>
    <pagerange>e64</pagerange>
    <refereed>TRUE</refereed>
    <issn>2662-8449</issn>
    <projects>
      <item>The Platform for Sharing, Initiating, and Learning Citizen Science in Europe (EU-Citizen.Science, H2020 824580)</item>
      <item>Integrated Arctic observation system (INTAROS, H2020 727890)</item>
      <item>Capacity-building in Arctic standardisation development (CAPARDUS, H2020 869673)</item>
      <item>Farmer clusters for Realising Agrobiodiversity Management across Ecosystems (FRAMEWORK, H2020 862731)</item>
      <item>Co-designed Citizen Observatories Services for the EOS-Cloud (COS4CLOUD, H2020 863463)</item>
      <item>Extreme Citizen Science: Analysis and Visualisation (ECSAnVis, H2020 694767)</item>
      <item>Supporting sustainable Institutional Changes to promote Citizen Science in Science and Technology (TIME4CS, H2020 101006201)</item>
      <item>Metrology for Integrated Marine Management and Knowledge-Transfer Network (MINKE, H2020 101008724)</item>
      <item>Geo-Wiki</item>
    </projects>
    <fp7_project>yes</fp7_project>
    <fp7_project_id>info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/824580/EU//; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/727890/EU//; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/869673/EU//; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/862731/EU//; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/863463/EU//</fp7_project_id>
    <fp7_type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</fp7_type>
  </eprint>
</eprints>
